Between the 1820s and the 1850s, the American economy experiences the beginnings of the industrial revolution—a change so profound that in the United States, as in Europe, it transformed almost every area of life in fundamental ways. Why did the industrial revolution have such a profound affect on the American economy? Explain the major implications.

Industrialization came to the United States between 1790 and 1820 as merchants and manufacturers increased output of goods by reorganizing work and building factories. The Industrial Revolution changed the nature of work and workers’ lives. Many American craft workers had developed an“artisan republican ideology,” a collective identity based on the principles of liberty and equality. They saw themselves as small-scale producers, equal to one another and free to work for themselves. But as the outwork and factory systems spread, more and more workers took jobs as dependent wage earners.

The “outwork system” was a more efficient division of labor and lowered the price of goods, but it eroded workers’ control over the pace and conditions of work. For tasks not suited to outwork, factories were created where work was concentrated under one roof and divided into specialized tasks.

Manufacturers used newly improved stationary steam engines to power their mills and used power-driven machines and assembly lines to produce new types of products.

The new industrial system divided the traditional artisan class into two groups: selfemployed craftsmen and wage-earning craftsmen. Americans developed a water-borne transportation system of unprecedented size, beginning with the government subsidized Erie Canal.

Because of the expansion of industry and trade, the urban population grew fourfold between 1820 and 1840

How did the industrial revolution change the daily lives of American men and women?

Before industrialization the family was the basic social unit. Most families were rural, large, and self-sustaining; they produced and processed almost everything that was needed for their own support and for trading in the marketplace, while at the same time performing a host of other functions ranging from mutual protection to entertainment. In these preindustrial families women (adult women, which is) had a lot to do, and their time was almost entirely absorbed by household task (Cowan, 2008).

Under industrialization the family is much less important. The household is no longer the focus of production; production for the marketplace and production for sustenance have been removed to other locations. Families are smaller and they are urban rather than rural. The number of social functions they perform is much reduced, until almost all that remains is consumption, socialization of small children, and tension management. As their functions diminished, families became atomized; the social bonds that had held them together were loosened. ). The cheaper goods that were one of the hallmarks of industrial revolution also served as a significant increase in the standard of living for the working class. Because textiles had dropped drastically in price, the average worker was able to afford them, which were easily washable and thus more sanitary.

             In these postindustrial families women have very little to do, and the tasks with which they fill their time have lost the social utility that they once possessed. Modern women are in trouble, the analysis goes, because modern families are in trouble; and modern families are in trouble because industrial technology has either eliminated or eased almost all their former functions, but modern ideologies have not kept pace with the change (Cowan, 2008).